HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException

1. 问题描述

一个简单的spring mvc样例，spring-webmvc框架版本为5.1.5.RELEASE，里面定义了两个RestController接口方法，

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/api", produces = "application/json; charset=utf-8")
public class SimpleController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String test() {
        return "hello,world";
    }

      @RequestMapping(value = "test2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Boolean test2() {
        return Boolean.TRUE;
    }

}

通过http客户端工具调用/api/test接口能够正常返回信息，但是调用/api/test2时，报如下错误信息，

<body><h1>HTTP Status 406 – Not Acceptable</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The target resource does not have a current representation that would be acceptable to the user agent, according to the proactive negotiation header fields received in the request, and the server is unwilling to supply a default representation.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.37</h3></body>

后端日志报如下HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException异常信息，

org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException: Could not find acceptable representation

2. 问题调查

问题奇怪在于，接口api/test能正常返回信息，但接口api/test2报错。比较下两个接口，都差不多，区别在于：前者返回String，后者返回Boolean对象。

调试跟踪api/test2的接口，发现异常HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException在如下位置被抛出，

/** 调用栈
 * DispatcherServlet.doDispatch()
 * AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle()
 * RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod()
 * ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs)
 * this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(returnValue, this.getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
 * AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor.handleReturnValue()
 * this.writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
 *
 * 到达类AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor中的如下方法，
 * 注：如下为反编译代码，非源码，仅供问题调查
 */

protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(...){
    ...
    HttpMessageConverter converter;
    GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter;
    label138: {
        if(selectedMediaType != null) {
            selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
            var21 = this.messageConverters.iterator();

            while(var21.hasNext()) {
                converter = (HttpMessageConverter)var21.next();
                genericConverter = converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter?(GenericHttpMessageConverter)converter:null;
                if(genericConverter != null) {
                    if(((GenericHttpMessageConverter)converter).canWrite((Type)declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
                        break label138;
                    }
                } else if(converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
                    break label138;
                }
            }
        }

        if(outputValue != null) {
            // 异常抛出点
            throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
        }

        return;
   }
   ...
}

查看上传代码，可以了解异常抛出的原因，是因为没有找到合适HttpMessageConverter，无法转换返回的消息。

调试查看this.messageConverters对象，发现有converters列表如下,

this.messageConverters ( ArrayList size = 7)
[0] ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter
[1] StringHttpMessageConverter
[2] ResourceHttpMessageConverter
[3] ResourceRegionHttpMessageConverter
[4] SourceHttpMessageConverter
[5] AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter
[6] Jaxb2CollectionHttpMessageConverter

这个列表没有发现我们熟悉的Json Converter，于是接下来开始追查messageConverters的列表初始化，为什么没有Json converter？

查看spring mvc源码可以看到如下的convert初始化过程，
1. 在类RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中创建this.messageConverters列表对象，并加载各个缺省convert。
2. 其中AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter被创建，在这个类中，其会检查当前JVM中是否加载了Jackson/Gson相关类，若有，则加载json converter。

public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter {

  public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
      StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter();
      stringHttpMessageConverter.setWriteAcceptCharset(false);
      this.messageConverters = new ArrayList(4);
      this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
      this.messageConverters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter);
      this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter());
      this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
  }

}

public class AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter {

    private static final boolean jackson2Present = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper", ...);
    private static final boolean gsonPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.google.gson.Gson", ...);

    public AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter() {
      ...
      if(jackson2Present) {
        this.addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
      } else if(gsonPresent) {
        this.addPartConverter(new GsonHttpMessageConverter());
      } else if(jsonbPresent) {
        this.addPartConverter(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter());
      }
      ...
    }
}

由此可以看到，缺少json converter的原因就是缺少相应的Jackson/Gson类库，而默认的converter无法对Boolean对象转换，从而产生HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException异常，接而导致HTTP 406的返回消息。

3. 问题解决

在项目中添加如下依赖，加载MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter到this.messageConverters列表中，问题得到解决。

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>${fasterxml.version}</version>
</dependency>

标签：HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException

RestController方法返回Boolean对象时SpringFramework报告HTTP Status 406 – Not Acceptable

1. 问题描述

2. 问题调查

3. 问题解决